Low sperm count, medically known as oligospermia, is a condition characterized by having fewer sperm cells in the ejaculate than the normal range. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a sperm count of less than 15 million sperm per milliliter of semen is considered low.

Low sperm count is a common cause of male infertility and can make it difficult for couples to conceive. However, it’s important to note that having a low sperm count doesn’t necessarily mean that a man is infertile, as conception can still occur with low sperm count if other factors such as sperm motility and morphology are within normal ranges.

There are several factors that can contribute to low sperm count, including:

1. Hormonal imbalances: Disruptions in hormone levels, such as testosterone or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), can affect sperm production.

2. Varicocele: This is a condition where the veins within the scrotum are enlarged, leading to overheating of the testicles and affecting sperm production.

3. Genetic factors: Certain genetic conditions can impact sperm production and quality.

4. Infections: Some infections, such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or urinary tract infections (UTIs), can interfere with sperm production.

5. Environmental factors: Exposure to toxins, radiation, heavy metals, or certain medications can impair sperm production.

6. Lifestyle factors: Poor diet, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, drug use, obesity, and stress can also contribute to low sperm count.

Treatment options for low sperm count depend on the underlying cause and may include hormone therapy, surgical interventions (such as varicocele repair), lifestyle modifications, and assisted reproductive techniques like intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF).

If you’re concerned about low sperm count or experiencing difficulties with fertility, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional, preferably a reproductive endocrinologist or urologist, who can provide personalized evaluation and treatment options based on your specific situation.